Biography
Barry Flanagan 贝瑞·弗拉纳根(1941年生于大英国协威尔斯普雷斯塔廷;2009年卒于西班牙伊维萨岛)是英国最重要的雕塑家之一。他在伯明翰艺术学院修读建筑,之后接连在几所不同的学校就读,于1964年录取伦敦圣马丁艺术学院应用雕塑系文凭课程。弗拉纳根1966年毕业后,1967至1971年间于圣马丁及中央艺术学院任教。1991年他被获选为皇家艺术研究院院士,并受勋大英帝国官佐勋章。
从一开始,弗拉纳根的作品就被认作是激进的、独树一格的。在1965年他还是学生时期,就革新了雕塑材料:他在查令十字路的“更好的书”书店展出了一件软雕塑,名为〈安洁尼亚〉(1965年),此作于1969年由泰特美术馆纳入收藏,也从此改变了雕塑的语言。弗拉纳根对于超形而上学——阿尔弗雷德·雅里的“虚构解答的科学”感兴趣,这精髓在他创作中顽皮的表现可见一斑,让材料都能找到它们自己的雕塑形式,不管是沙或绳子、石头、金属板、布、粘土或青铜。他的作品在伦敦当代艺术学院的“在诗与绘画之间”(同样也是1965年)展出,并作了一首手指诗,是展览周众多具体诗之一。他的首场个展于1966年在伦敦罗温画廊展出,而他在伦敦沃丁顿画廊的第一次个展则是在1980年。
弗拉纳根最为人知的便是他充满动感的巨型野兔雕塑,是他在1980年代初期才开始展览的系列。弗拉纳根将日常、想象中的和奇异的结合,用粘土塑造出动物的形象,野兔、大象、狗和马,都是古典雕塑中最典型的题材。当被问及他的野兔动机时,弗拉纳根会说起他在萨塞克斯丘陵所见到的野兔飞奔的魔幻情景,这也成为他在1979年完成的系列第一件作品〈跳跃的野兔〉的灵感。对埃及人来说,野兔是生命的象征。在中国神话中,玉兔住在月亮上,也是长生不老的象征。野兔千变万化的形象已成为人类存在以及人类和自然界关系的比喻。
弗拉纳根回归青铜(他曾在1969年在中央美术学院就学期间,和亨利·亚伯克朗比在铸造车间用青铜铸作品)是他踏入其他媒材领域的一步,从沙、绳子和布片,都是为了讲究构图,以及他1970年代的陶瓷、石头、大理石、和金属板雕塑。许多弗拉纳根的作品都有富含幽默的命名,例如泰特美术馆收藏的〈休息中的鼻子〉(1977至78年)。他同时也加入了许多偶发艺术及去物质的创作方式,并与小野洋子于1966年合作,之后于1980年与马尔卓丽·斯特来德的舞团合作。如他在圣马丁学院的同侪李察·朗、吉尔伯特与乔治、布鲁斯·麦克林一样,弗拉纳根也拍过实验电影。他在杰瑞·沈慕的录像画廊“大地艺术”展中展出题为〈海中的一个洞〉(1969年)的影片。
1979年伦敦皇家艺术研究院的展览“圣马可的马群”为弗拉纳根留下了很深的印象。亚伯克朗比描述这场展览对弗拉纳根思维和表现手法的影响,在于这些古代样貌可碰触的马的体态,使牠们看上去崇高庄严。青铜因为氧化和碰触所产生的各种锈蚀、变色、表镀等也是值得深究的重要材料特色。因而弗拉纳根在他的铜塑马作品中,融入了各个不同的个性,例如1983年在剑桥大学耶稣学院造的漂亮、充满威严的有力的〈马〉,到1986年带点婉约谦逊的〈检阅日〉(在伊维萨岛圣欧拉利亚也被称作是〈寇罗斯马〉),到1991年〈独角兽与橡树〉中的神秘、神话性。
弗拉纳根1982年代表英国参与了威尼斯双年展。1993年他在马德里的凯克萨银行基金会举行了重要回顾展,之后巡回至南特美术馆(1994年)。弗拉纳根的青铜兔雕塑也在多所户外空间中展出,包括纽约市公园大道(1995至96年)、芝加哥格兰特公园(1996年)。1999年,他在布鲁塞尔的萨福耶·何夫肯斯画廊作个展,之后在泰特美术馆利物浦举行展览(2000年)。2002年,在德国雷克豪森美术馆举行大展,巡回至尼斯现代与当代艺术馆。2006年都柏林爱尔兰现代艺术博物馆举办了他的重要作品回顾展,并与都柏林休雷恩市立美术馆合作,沿着奥康奈尔街与帕尔奈尔广场上装置了十件巨大的青铜雕塑。近期展览包括德比郡查茨沃斯庄园“限制之外”(2012年);伦敦泰特英国馆“贝瑞·弗拉纳根沙少女”(2016年);香港会展中心“贝瑞·弗拉纳根”(2019年);伯明翰圣像美术馆“贝瑞·弗拉纳根”(2019年);及伦敦沃丁顿库斯托画廊“剧场的魔力”(2020年)。弗拉纳根的作品散见世界多所著名公共收藏,包括纽约现代艺术博物馆、东京都美术馆、巴黎蓬皮杜中心、及伦敦泰特美术馆。
继续作品
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Barry Flanagan, Installation on Cork Street, London, 2020
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Barry Flanagan, Installation image, Retrospective at Ikon, Birmingham, 2019
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Barry Flanagan, Book Ends, 2001 bronze 54.6 x 127 x 29.8 cm
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Barry Flanagan, The Drummer: Installation at IMMA, Dublin, 1996
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Barry Flanagan, Baby Elephant, 1984 bronze 174.6 x 104.1 x 62.2 cm
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Barry Flanagan, Hare on Elephant, 1983 bronze 27 1/2 x 17 x 8 in 69.9 x 43.2 x 20.3 cm
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Barry Flanagan, Anvil, 1981 bronze 102.2 x 57.5 x 22.5 cm
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Barry Flanagan, ring, line and easter bag '67, 1967 photograph
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Barry Flanagan, 4 casb 2 '67, ringl 1 '67, rope (gr 2 sp 60) 6 '67, one space sand sculpture '67 (1967), 1967 lino, sand, rope and canvas 90 x 101 15⁄16 in / 228.6 x 258.9 cm
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Barry Flanagan, Untitled, 1984 Tuscan travertine (travertino noce) (stone carving) three parts / carved by Ghelardini 36 x 41 x 20 in / 91.4 x 104.1 x 50.8 cm
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Barry Flanagan, Heap 1 '67, (1967) installation view, Rowan Gallery , 1968
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Barry Flanagan, Nijinski Hare at Hors Les Murs, Fiac, 2013 bronze (1,680 kg) 204 x 74 x 103 in / 518 x 188 x 262 cm
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Barry Flanagan, hole in the sea (triptych), 1967–70 photo etching (set of three) 19 7/8 x 23 7/8 in (each) / 50.5 x 60.6 cm (each)
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Barry Flanagan, Composition, 2008 bronze 133 1/8 x 95 5/8 x 95 5/8 in / 338 x 243 x 243 cm
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Barry Flanagan, Moon Gold Hare, 2008 bronze and gilded bronze 64 1/8 x 57 3/8 x 15 1/8 in / 162.9 x 145.8 x 38.5 cm
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Barry Flanagan, Record, 1994 bronze 68 3/4 x 40 1/4 x 23 in / 174.6 x 102.2 x 58.4 cm
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Barry Flanagan, Harebell on Portland stone piers, 1983 bronze 95 1/2 x 112 x 75 in / 242.6 x 284.5 x 190.5 cm
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Barry Flanagan, Untitled (red wall hanging), 1973 coloured hessian, acrylic paint and wood 58 1/2 x 25 1/2 x 6 3/4 in / 148.6 x 64.8 x 17 cm
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